The Pineal Gland: Descartes’ ‘Seat of the Soul’ Meets 21st-Century Piezoelectrics
Descartes called the pineal gland the seat of the soul in 1649. In 2002, researchers discovered calcite microcrystals inside it with piezoelectric properties — crystals that transduce electromagnetic fields into mechanical vibration. The 17th-century intuition and the 21st-century materials science point at the same organ.